Are America’s Children Becoming More Violent?

With more and more negative influences in the world today, people wonder why American Children are becoming more violent. Many children turn to drugs, gangs, and violence because they do not see another “attractive alternative.” Everywhere children turn, they are experiencing some type of negative influence in their lives.

Pop culture in America has a major effect on how a child behaves and acts. Watching movies and TV and listening to music can really affect a child’s mood and how the child will react to different situations. The news alone shows all of the crime, violence, and shootings going on in the local area. Videos games such as Grand Theft Auto, Halo, and Call of Duty are games in which the main character has to shoot and kill in order to survive. Children seeing this everyday may think that the world runs this way. Musical artists TuPac and Eminem glorify violence on the streets and the gang culture. Some critics even believe that the lyrics heard by children may encourage them to use violence as a way to solve their problems.

Critics and observers also believe that children may be becoming more violent due to the easy accessibility of guns. At the Columbine High School massacre, all of the guns and ammunition were bought legally. As a result, fifteen people died. Also, at the Westside Middle School, 13-year-old Mitchell Johnson and 11-year-old Andrew Golden killed five people and injured ten. They obtained seven of the ten weapons used from Golden’s grandfather, an Arkansas wildlife official. Even more shocking was the children’s accuracy. Of the thirty-six rounds shot, twenty-seven shots were hits. Both of the boys were taught at a young age how to hunt and fire a weapon. This shows that even the smallest person can have a huge impact.

Outside influences may not be the only cause for negativity. Children who come from dysfunctional families may be influenced by the aggressive behavior and the situations taking place inside the home. Children may see their parents acting in a certain manner and think it is ok. They may then take these actions out onto the street where they are not only harming themselves, but the people around them. Other critics do not believe in this view. The shooting at Westside Middle School was done by Mitchell Johnson and Andrew Golden. Johnson did come from a dysfunctional family, but Golden on the other hand had an average family. He came from the typical hardworking, American family; financially stable, two-parented household, with love and encouragement everywhere. But this did not deter him from going on a shooting spree.

As you can see, many factors may lead to a child becoming more violent, from video games to music to household influences. Children need to be watched and have some supervision on what is going into their noggin and how they relate to the outside world.

Pictures for the 1960's

Sites:

http://www.rhodesfamily1.com/bobbynmaryschooldays/1960fads.html

http://www.associatedcontent.com/article/240170/the_most_unforgettable_craziest_fads.html

http://people.howstuffworks.com/8-groovy-fads-of-the-1960s.htm

http://www.mesquiteisd.org/library/hhs/FadsandFashionsofthe1960s.htm

Fads

http://www.rhodesfamily1.com/bobbynmaryschooldays/fads/lovebeads3.bmp

Slang

Inventions/Technology

Slang

Dance

http://www.rhodesfamily1.com/bobbynmaryschooldays/fads/chubbycheckers.bmp

Movies

1960 Timeline

Timeline of the 1960's
1960
• The first debate for a presidential election was televised. It was between Senator John F. Kennedy and Richard M. Nixon. Nikon seemed nervous, but Kennedy stood tall. The debate on TV changed many people's minds about Kennedy.
• This year NASA sent up ECHO, the first communications satellite to be seen with the naked eye.
• American "U2" spy plane shot down over the USSR.
• The Olympic Games were held in Rome and Wilma Rudolf won three gold medals.
1961
• John F Kennedy moves into the White House. He gives his famous speech - "Ask not what your country can do for you, but what you can do for your country."
• The soviets have sent the first man into space and the Americans need a man in space, too. The event came on May 5, 1961. Alan Shepard was sent to space in the "Freedom 7". On May 25, Kennedy wanted to have a man on the moon and back before the decade was over.
1962
• John Glenn became the first man to orbit the earth - 3 times. It was a five hour flight.
• Rachel Carson, a scientist and writer, warned that our earth would die of pollution and chemicals. Especially chemicals that were developed to kill bad insects. DDT was a real bad chemical. It killed bad insects, along with good insects, along with plants, along with animals. She wrote the book Silent Spring with a warning. At least five states banned DDT.
1963
• Martin Luther King Jr. made the speech, "I have a Dream" on August 28, 1963. More than 200,000 peaceful demonstrators came to Washington DC to demand equal rights for Black and Whites. Part of the speech was - "I have a dream that my four little children will one day live in a nation where they will not be judged by the color of their skin but by the content of their character…"
• President Kennedy is assassinated in Dallas, Texas on November 22. Kennedy's assassin, Lee Harvey Oswald, was never sent to trial. While being moved by police to a different jail, a man named Jack Ruby shot Oswald. Who killed President Kennedy nobody knows for sure.

Dynamic Planet

Earthquakes

Primary hazards:
• Ground movement and shaking
• Earthquakes emit body waves, which travel through the earth, and surface waves. S-Waves may cause buildings to collapse and underground pipelines to break.
• Buckling railroad tracks
• Roads cracking and buckling; bridges giving way; shattering of glass and injuries / deaths resulting from these.
Secondary Hazards:
• Soil Liquefaction – Solid material changes to liquid state. Foundations of buildings may be damages
The objects at risk – buildings, roads, facilities.
• Landslides – Often a result of ground shaking. This can overrun building and bury people.
The objects at risk – population, facilities, pipelines, electrical lines, buildings, roads, railways.
• Tsunami (title waves) – 90% occur is the Pacific basin. The more movement and the shallower the focus, the larger the wave.
The objects at risk – ports, port facilities, boats, population, buildings, pipelines.
• Fires - Moderate ground shaking can break gas and electrical lines, sever fuel lines, and overturn stoves. Water pipes rupture, making it impossible to fight the earthquake-caused fires.
• Rockfalls - rough stone materials are located on the slopes. The rockfalls are frequently accompanied by mud flows and landslides
Objects at risk – road and railway traffic, people, communication systems.

• Homelessness may be caused by all of this

General Recommendations for risk reduction
- Mapping the potentially hazardous zones of the expected appearance of the secondary effects.
- Dissemination of the information for the expected secondary effects in case of a strong earthquake among the population.
- Marking the zones of possible secondary effects by different techniques.
Preventive measures
- Strengthening (Upgrade) hazardous zones where and when possible.
Including in the Civil Defense plans the adequate measures for the expected secondary effects.
- Insurance of the facilities against the risks of the secondary earthquake effects.




Plate Boundaries

Continental – Continental: If the oceanic crust is completely subducted the two remaining continental plates will collide to form fold mountains as the sediment on the old sea floor is compressed and uplifted.
This type of boundary has no volcanic activity and earthquakes are mainly shallow focus. E.g. Himalayas, formed by the collision of the Indian plate with the Eurasian plate.

Continental – Oceanic: The denser oceanic plate sinks or is subducted beneath the continental plate in a subduction zone. The continental plate is compressed to form a mountain range and deep ocean trench e.g. Peru-Chile trench and Andes

Oceanic – Oceanic: When oceanic plates collide, a volcanic island arc is produced as the denser plate melts and magma rises to the surface.
E.g. Kurile, Aleutian and Tonga islands

Divergent Plate Boundary - Oceanic: When a divergent boundary occurs beneath oceanic lithosphere, the rising convection current below lifts the lithosphere producing a mid-ocean ridge. Extensional forces stretch the lithosphere and produce a deep fissure. When the fissure opens, pressure is reduced on the super-heated mantle material below. It responds by melting and the new magma flows into the fissure. The magma then solidifies and the process repeats itself.
The Mid-Atlantic Ridge is a classic example of this type of plate boundary. The Ridge is a high area compared to the surrounding seafloor because of the lift from the convection current below. (A frequent misconception is that the Ridge is a build-up of volcanic materials, however, the magma that fills the fissure does not flood extensively over the ocean floor and stack up to form a topographic high. Instead, it fills the fissure and solidifies. When the next eruption occurs, the fissure most likely develops down the center of the cooling magma plug with half of the newly solidified material being attached to the end of each plate.
The Mid-Atlantic Ridge exposed above sea level on the island of Iceland, and 2) the Mid-Atlantic Ridge between North America and Africa.
Effects that are found at a divergent boundary between oceanic plates include: a submarine mountain range such as the Mid-Atlantic Ridge; volcanic activity in the form of fissure eruptions; shallow earthquake activity; creation of new seafloor and a widening ocean basin.


Faults:

Dip-Slip Normal:



Dip-Slip Reverse:


Strike-Slip:
The movement along a strike-slip fault is approximately parallel to the strike of the fault, meaning the rocks move past each other horizontally.

The San Andreas is a strike-slip fault that has displaced rocks hundreds of miles. As a result of horizontal movement along the fault, rocks of vastly different age and composition have been placed side by side. The San Andreas fault is a fault zone rather than a single fault, and movement may occur along any of the many fault surfaces in the zone. The surface effects of the San Andreas fault zone can be observed for over 600 miles (1,000 km).

Normal faults form when the hanging wall drops down. The forces that create normal faults are pulling the sides apart, or extensional.

Reverse faults form when the hanging wall moves up. The forces creating reverse faults are compressional, pushing the sides together.

Together, normal and reverse faults are called dip-slip faults, because the movement on them occurs along the dip direction—either down or up, respectively.

Strike-slip faults have walls that move sideways, not up or down. That is, the slip occurs along the strike, not up or down the dip. In these faults the fault plane is usually vertical, so there is no hanging wall or footwall. The forces creating these faults are lateral or horizontal, carrying the sides past each other.

Strike-slip faults are either right-lateral or left-lateral. That means someone standing near the fault trace and looking across it would see the far side move to the right or to the left, respectively. The one in the picture is left-lateral.

Transform boundary:aka conservative plate boundary and transform boundary

Transform Boundaries
Places where plates slide past each other are called transform boundaries. Since the plates on either side of a transform boundary are merely sliding past each other and not tearing or crunching each other, transform boundaries lack the spectacular features found at convergent and divergent boundaries. Instead, transform boundaries are marked in some places by linear valleys along the boundary where rock has been ground up by the sliding. In other places, transform boundaries are marked by features like stream beds that have been split in half and the two halves have moved in opposite directions.

1960's

http://kclibrary.lonestar.edu/decade60.html
http://www.infoplease.com/year/1966.html

http://www.kidsnewsroom.org/elmer/infoCentral/frameset/decade/1960.htm

http://cougartown.com/slang.html go to the site and find good slang words

1961

The Bay of Pigs

The Bay of Pigs Invasion was an unsuccessful attempt by United States-backed Cuban exiles to overthrow the government of the Cuban dictator Fidel Castro. Increasing friction between the U.S. government and Castro's leftist regime led President Dwight D. Eisenhower to break off diplomatic relations with Cuba in January 1961. Even before that, however, the Central Intelligence Agency had been training anti-revolutionary Cuban exiles for a possible invasion of the island. The invasion plan was approved by Eisenhower's successor, John F. Kennedy.

1961: Soviets win space race

The Soviet Union has beaten the USA in the race to get the first man into space.

At just after 0700BST, Major Yuri Alexeyevich Gagarin was fired from the Baikonur launch pad in Kazakhstan, Soviet central Asia, in the space craft Vostok (East).

Major Gagarin orbited the Earth for 108 minutes travelling at more than 17,000 miles per hour (27,000 kilometres per hour) before landing at an undisclosed location.

Alan B. Shepard, Jr NASA EXPERIENCE:

Rear Admiral Shepard was one of the Mercury astronauts named by NASA in April 1959, and he holds the distinction of being the first American to journey into space. On May 5, 1961, in the Freedom 7 spacecraft, he was launched by a Redstone vehicle on a ballistic trajectory suborbital flight--a flight which carried him to an altitude of 116 statute miles and to a landing point 302 statute miles down the Atlantic Missile Range.

2010 Winter Olympics

The Winter Olympic Games has inspired many athletes to be the best they can possibly be. This is the ultimate goal for them, to stand on that podium and tell the world they are the best.

The Winter Olympic Games started in 1924 after people realized there was no way to keep the ice rink from melting in the middle of summer. The First Winter Games were held inChamonix, France, with 258 Olympians from sixteen countries competing in sixteen events.

The upcoming Winter Olympic Games of 2010 will be held in Vancouver, Canada. Starting February 12 and ending on February 28, approximately 2,500 athletes will compete in fifteen sports to over eighty-six separate events.

Many people are wondering if the Americans will come out victorious and in which events. The predictions say that some sports will shine more in Americas’ eye. In speed skating, four medals, including two golds are predicted to be taken home by Shani Davis, Trevor Marsicano, along with Chad Hedrick and Tucker Fredricks. Apolo Anton Ohno is America’s main short-track skater. He is predicted winning two medals during the Winter Olympics. Snowboarding is one ofAmerica’s favorite Winter Olympic sports. For boardercross, Seth Wescott and Lindsey Jacobellis are expected to bring home one gold. Shawn White, along with women Hannah Teter and Gretchen Bleiler, are expected to bring home four medals, two of which being golds. Alpine skiing is the last event where America is forecasted to bring home more that two medals. Lindsey Vonn is a major contender in this year’s alpine skiing event. She is predicted to take home two medals and two golds.

Americans have somewhat dominated the Winter Olympics. Shawn White and Apolo Ohno are two of America’s top winning Olympians. Shawn White, a snowboarder, has won fifteen gold medals and has had countless endorsement deals. Apolo Ohno is a speed skater winning five medals since his first Olympics.

The IOC, International; Olympics Committee, selects a host city seven years in advance, with the selection process taking two years. The first stage in the process is open to any city in the world with the submission of a lengthy application to become the host city. After ten months, the Executive Board on IOC decides which of these cities will become candidate cities. This is based off of the recommendations of the working group that reviews the application. In the second stage, the Evaluation Commission thoroughly investigates the cities. They then submit a short final list of the cities to be chosen from. Finally, the IOC chooses a host city at a general meeting of IOC members.

http://www.gamesbids.com/english/images/article/van_2010_logo.jpg

Martin Luther King Jr. Day 2010

Martin Luther King Jr. was a very successful man with an outgoing life that made him one of America’s great leaders of the 20^th Century. He was a black civil rights leader, who successfully led a bus boycott, and gave amazing speeches that uplifted the young and old.

Martin Luther King Jr. was born on January 15, 1929. His mother was a school teacher and his father and grandfather were both preachers actively involved in black civil right movement. He graduated from Morehouse College with a Bachelor of Arts degree in Sociology in 1948. He was undecided into which field he wanted to go, law, medicine, or the ministry. He ultimately chose the ministry following in his family’s footprints. He studied at the Crozer Theological Seminary in Pennsylvania and graduated in 1951 with a Bachelor of Divinity. Then, King attended Boston University where he began his doctoral studies in systematic theology and earned his Ph.D.

While in college, King heard a lecture on Mahatma Gandhi and his nonviolence civil disobedience campaign. After this lecture, he began to read and study several books about Gandhi’s ideas and beliefs. With both his father and grandfather being actively involved in the black civil right movement, he believed the same tactics Gandhi used could help black Americans obtain civil rights. Henry David Thoreau was another person who influenced king with his theories on how to use nonviolence resistance to achieve social change.

King followed in his family’s footsteps and became a pastor of the Dexter Avenue Baptist Church in Montgomery Alabama in 1954. In 1955, on December 1, Rosa Parks, a middle-aged tailor’s assistant, was arrested for refusing to give up her seat when the bus driver instructed her to do so to make room for more white passengers. Following This event, on December 5, King became president of the Montgomery Improvement Association and the bus boycott began.

On December 1, 1955, after Rosa Parks was arrested and fined, Martin Luther King Jr. and his friends came together to help organize a bus boycott. Until passengers were completely integrated, the black people of Montgomery would refuse to use city buses. King was arrested and his house was fire bombed, but this was not uncommon. Others involved in the boycott endured harassment and other types of threatening behavior. The Montgomery Bus Boycott was a success after the thirteenth month passed and 17,000 black people walked or got rides from the small, car-owning black population. The boycott finally ended on December 20, 1956, after a Supreme Court decision and a loss of revenue had forced the Montgomery Bus Company to integrate their buses.

After the Montgomery Bus Boycott, Martin Luther King Jr. had many achievements. In 1958, he published Stride Toward Freedom: The Montgomery Story, depicting the events of the boycott, from describing the plans and problems of a nonviolent campaign, to the eventual desegregation of the city’s bus system. In 1963, he marched to the steps of the Lincoln Memorial to deliver his famous “I Have a Dream” speech to civil right marchers. In the same year, he was named Time magazine’s Man of the Year, becoming the first black American to be honored. In 1964, he won a Nobel Peace Prize for his leadership of the “Southern Christian Leadership Conference.” King organized a mass march to create national support for federal voting-rights legislation in 1965. In 1968, on April 3, Martin Luther King Jr. gave his final speech, “I’ve been to the Mountain Top” in Memphis, Tennessee. The next day, while waiting for an event he was going to attend later that night, King was shot and killed on the balcony of his motel room. This sparked riots in 125 different cities and resulted in forty-two people being shot. Two months later, James Earl Ray, the assassin, was found in London after he robbed a bank. He was later identified and arrested for the murder of Martin Luther King Jr.’s and was sentenced to ninety-nine years in prison.

The process to make Martin Luther King Jr. birthday a national holiday was a long process that took over fifteen years. U.S. Representative John Conyers was the first person to call for a holiday honoring King. The bill got stalled in Congress, but when six million names were submitted, it was discussed about at every session of Congress until it was passed in 1983. President Reagan signed the bill, but recieved many complaints that the day chosen was too close to other holidays, including Christmas and New Years. After some compromising, the third Monday of every January is now known as Martin Luther King Day. Some states thought that naming a holiday after someone who was so involved in civil reform should represent the group of civil rights activists. Because of this, some states renamed this holiday Human Rights Day or Civil Rights Day.

There is no question why this man was an American great, or what he did to better this country. He was, as some may say, the greatest leader of all time.

Summative Project

#23. The advantages and disadvantages associated with building new hydroelectric dams to generate electricity.

http://www.ehso.com/ehshome/energydams.htm

^do notecards and bio for this

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydroelectricity
http://www.ehso.com/ehshome/energydams.htm#07Hydropower
http://www.spiritus-temporis.com/hydroelectricity/advantages-and-disadvantages.html
http://ga.water.usgs.gov/edu/wuhy.html
http://ga.water.usgs.gov/edu/hyhowworks.html
http://www.darvill.clara.net/altenerg/hydro.htm

http://find.galegroup.com/srcx/retrieve.do?subjectParam=Locale%2528en%252C%252C%2529%253AFQE%253D%2528su%252CNone%252C13%2529types%2Bof%2Bdams%2524&contentSet=IAC-Documents&sort=DateDescend&tabID=T004&sgCurrentPosition=0&subjectAction=DISPLAY_SUBJECTS&prodId=SRC-1&searchId=R3&currentPosition=1&userGroupName=perr60700&resultListType=RESULT_LIST&sgHitCountType=None&qrySerId=Locale%28en%2C%2C%29%3AFQE%3D%28ke%2CNone%2C13%29types+of+dams%24&inPS=true&searchType=BasicSearchForm&displaySubject=&docId=A134413595&docType=IAC