2010 Winter Olympics

The Winter Olympic Games has inspired many athletes to be the best they can possibly be. This is the ultimate goal for them, to stand on that podium and tell the world they are the best.

The Winter Olympic Games started in 1924 after people realized there was no way to keep the ice rink from melting in the middle of summer. The First Winter Games were held inChamonix, France, with 258 Olympians from sixteen countries competing in sixteen events.

The upcoming Winter Olympic Games of 2010 will be held in Vancouver, Canada. Starting February 12 and ending on February 28, approximately 2,500 athletes will compete in fifteen sports to over eighty-six separate events.

Many people are wondering if the Americans will come out victorious and in which events. The predictions say that some sports will shine more in Americas’ eye. In speed skating, four medals, including two golds are predicted to be taken home by Shani Davis, Trevor Marsicano, along with Chad Hedrick and Tucker Fredricks. Apolo Anton Ohno is America’s main short-track skater. He is predicted winning two medals during the Winter Olympics. Snowboarding is one ofAmerica’s favorite Winter Olympic sports. For boardercross, Seth Wescott and Lindsey Jacobellis are expected to bring home one gold. Shawn White, along with women Hannah Teter and Gretchen Bleiler, are expected to bring home four medals, two of which being golds. Alpine skiing is the last event where America is forecasted to bring home more that two medals. Lindsey Vonn is a major contender in this year’s alpine skiing event. She is predicted to take home two medals and two golds.

Americans have somewhat dominated the Winter Olympics. Shawn White and Apolo Ohno are two of America’s top winning Olympians. Shawn White, a snowboarder, has won fifteen gold medals and has had countless endorsement deals. Apolo Ohno is a speed skater winning five medals since his first Olympics.

The IOC, International; Olympics Committee, selects a host city seven years in advance, with the selection process taking two years. The first stage in the process is open to any city in the world with the submission of a lengthy application to become the host city. After ten months, the Executive Board on IOC decides which of these cities will become candidate cities. This is based off of the recommendations of the working group that reviews the application. In the second stage, the Evaluation Commission thoroughly investigates the cities. They then submit a short final list of the cities to be chosen from. Finally, the IOC chooses a host city at a general meeting of IOC members.

http://www.gamesbids.com/english/images/article/van_2010_logo.jpg

Martin Luther King Jr. Day 2010

Martin Luther King Jr. was a very successful man with an outgoing life that made him one of America’s great leaders of the 20^th Century. He was a black civil rights leader, who successfully led a bus boycott, and gave amazing speeches that uplifted the young and old.

Martin Luther King Jr. was born on January 15, 1929. His mother was a school teacher and his father and grandfather were both preachers actively involved in black civil right movement. He graduated from Morehouse College with a Bachelor of Arts degree in Sociology in 1948. He was undecided into which field he wanted to go, law, medicine, or the ministry. He ultimately chose the ministry following in his family’s footprints. He studied at the Crozer Theological Seminary in Pennsylvania and graduated in 1951 with a Bachelor of Divinity. Then, King attended Boston University where he began his doctoral studies in systematic theology and earned his Ph.D.

While in college, King heard a lecture on Mahatma Gandhi and his nonviolence civil disobedience campaign. After this lecture, he began to read and study several books about Gandhi’s ideas and beliefs. With both his father and grandfather being actively involved in the black civil right movement, he believed the same tactics Gandhi used could help black Americans obtain civil rights. Henry David Thoreau was another person who influenced king with his theories on how to use nonviolence resistance to achieve social change.

King followed in his family’s footsteps and became a pastor of the Dexter Avenue Baptist Church in Montgomery Alabama in 1954. In 1955, on December 1, Rosa Parks, a middle-aged tailor’s assistant, was arrested for refusing to give up her seat when the bus driver instructed her to do so to make room for more white passengers. Following This event, on December 5, King became president of the Montgomery Improvement Association and the bus boycott began.

On December 1, 1955, after Rosa Parks was arrested and fined, Martin Luther King Jr. and his friends came together to help organize a bus boycott. Until passengers were completely integrated, the black people of Montgomery would refuse to use city buses. King was arrested and his house was fire bombed, but this was not uncommon. Others involved in the boycott endured harassment and other types of threatening behavior. The Montgomery Bus Boycott was a success after the thirteenth month passed and 17,000 black people walked or got rides from the small, car-owning black population. The boycott finally ended on December 20, 1956, after a Supreme Court decision and a loss of revenue had forced the Montgomery Bus Company to integrate their buses.

After the Montgomery Bus Boycott, Martin Luther King Jr. had many achievements. In 1958, he published Stride Toward Freedom: The Montgomery Story, depicting the events of the boycott, from describing the plans and problems of a nonviolent campaign, to the eventual desegregation of the city’s bus system. In 1963, he marched to the steps of the Lincoln Memorial to deliver his famous “I Have a Dream” speech to civil right marchers. In the same year, he was named Time magazine’s Man of the Year, becoming the first black American to be honored. In 1964, he won a Nobel Peace Prize for his leadership of the “Southern Christian Leadership Conference.” King organized a mass march to create national support for federal voting-rights legislation in 1965. In 1968, on April 3, Martin Luther King Jr. gave his final speech, “I’ve been to the Mountain Top” in Memphis, Tennessee. The next day, while waiting for an event he was going to attend later that night, King was shot and killed on the balcony of his motel room. This sparked riots in 125 different cities and resulted in forty-two people being shot. Two months later, James Earl Ray, the assassin, was found in London after he robbed a bank. He was later identified and arrested for the murder of Martin Luther King Jr.’s and was sentenced to ninety-nine years in prison.

The process to make Martin Luther King Jr. birthday a national holiday was a long process that took over fifteen years. U.S. Representative John Conyers was the first person to call for a holiday honoring King. The bill got stalled in Congress, but when six million names were submitted, it was discussed about at every session of Congress until it was passed in 1983. President Reagan signed the bill, but recieved many complaints that the day chosen was too close to other holidays, including Christmas and New Years. After some compromising, the third Monday of every January is now known as Martin Luther King Day. Some states thought that naming a holiday after someone who was so involved in civil reform should represent the group of civil rights activists. Because of this, some states renamed this holiday Human Rights Day or Civil Rights Day.

There is no question why this man was an American great, or what he did to better this country. He was, as some may say, the greatest leader of all time.

Summative Project

#23. The advantages and disadvantages associated with building new hydroelectric dams to generate electricity.

http://www.ehso.com/ehshome/energydams.htm

^do notecards and bio for this

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydroelectricity
http://www.ehso.com/ehshome/energydams.htm#07Hydropower
http://www.spiritus-temporis.com/hydroelectricity/advantages-and-disadvantages.html
http://ga.water.usgs.gov/edu/wuhy.html
http://ga.water.usgs.gov/edu/hyhowworks.html
http://www.darvill.clara.net/altenerg/hydro.htm

http://find.galegroup.com/srcx/retrieve.do?subjectParam=Locale%2528en%252C%252C%2529%253AFQE%253D%2528su%252CNone%252C13%2529types%2Bof%2Bdams%2524&contentSet=IAC-Documents&sort=DateDescend&tabID=T004&sgCurrentPosition=0&subjectAction=DISPLAY_SUBJECTS&prodId=SRC-1&searchId=R3&currentPosition=1&userGroupName=perr60700&resultListType=RESULT_LIST&sgHitCountType=None&qrySerId=Locale%28en%2C%2C%29%3AFQE%3D%28ke%2CNone%2C13%29types+of+dams%24&inPS=true&searchType=BasicSearchForm&displaySubject=&docId=A134413595&docType=IAC

Prostitution: The Truth Revealed

What gives the government of "the land of the free" the right to tell a human they can or cannot do something for an occupation? For this reason, I believe prostitution and being a prostitute should be legal. Prostitution has always been a part of society. Prostitution has been around since at least 2400 B.C., when it appeared on an ancient Sumerian list of professions along with doctor, scribe, barber, and cook. Seventy percent of adult men have admittedly engaged in prostitution at least once in their life. Along with that, an estimated 1% of Americans have worked as a prostitute, that’s over one million people. Many become prostitutes because of sexual desire, drug dependency, or a lack of an education, but the main reason why people become prostitutes is money. Prostitution is a 14.6 billion dollar a year business. Cities spend on average of 7.5 million dollars a year for removing prostitution from communities and towns. This is money that could be used to benefit the community, like building or renovating parks, adding afterschool programs to schools, or helping homeless shelters. I am proposing steps to make prostitution legal. These steps include: prostitutes must be required to check in biweekly with a government office to be checked for STI’s. This would reduce the amount of STI’s that are spread, and result in a cleaner society. The creation of a new government office would create new jobs for Americans by issuing a license to a prostitute that met set guidelines. For the license, the prostitute would give their name, address, and telephone number, just like a normal job. If it is over a month since their last check, they will lose their permit. They may also be checked by police at anytime, if they are prostituting and are caught without their license, the punishment would vary from person to person depending on the severity and if they have showed up to all of their check-ups. Taxing the amount of money a prostitute makes is also another benefit to society. The prostitute would be forced to tell the amount of money made and be paid in checks so the money could be verified and the taxes would be correct. With prostitution legalization, crime would also decrease because now the law could help prostitutes that are raped or beaten. The American government could handle prostitution in many ways, but right now, it is just a law against people just trying to get by.

electron behavior

1) Visible light interacts with chlorophyll to provide the energy needed for photosynthesis. Radiation that we can’t see, ultraviolet, makes skin tan or burn. Infrared radiation lets night vision scopes see objects that otherwise would be invisible. Radio waves interact with tuning circuits to produce sound. X-rays kill malignant cells and microwaves cooks food.

Ultraviolet radiation on the skin. Ultraviolet radiation can cause sunburn and skin cancer. We have invented a radiation-absorbing molecule called melanin to protect our skin. When skin is exposed to sun it creates its own melanin, which means you become even more tan

Nickel

Nickel

14)

Nickel has been used as far back at 3500 BCE, but in 1751 Axel Fredrik Cronstedt first isolated and classified as a chemical element. He took niccolite and was expecting to extract copper out of it. But this was not the case when a white metal which he called Nickel after the mineral from which it was extracted.

15)

Nickel, a German word that means “Old Nick,” a name for the devil. Also, the German word for mineral niccolite, kupfernickel, which means “Old Nick’s copper.” It is pronounced NIK-‘l. It was given the name Nickel after the mineral it was extracted from, niccolite.

16)

Five physical characteristics of Nickel are: Nickel is a silvery, white metal with a high polish. It is hard, malleable, and ductile. Nickel is also somewhat ferromagnetic and is a fair conductor of heat and electricity.

17)

There are large amount of Nickel in Greenland and Canada. It is obtained commercially from pentlandite [(Fe,Ni)9S8] and pyrrhotite [Fe(1-x)S (x=0-0.17)]. Other sites include Sudbury region in Canada, New Caledonia and

Norils, Russia.

18)

Non-Radioactive Isotopes	Atomic Mass	Percent of Occurrence
58Ni	57.9353462	68.0769
60Ni	59.9307884	26.2231
61Ni	60.9310579	1.1399
62Ni	61.9283461	3.6345
64Ni	63.9279679	0.9256

Radioactive Isotopes	Mass
56Ni	55.94214
57Ni	56.939800
59Ni	58.934351
63Ni	62.929673
65Ni	64.930088
66Ni	65.92912

To find the average atomic mass, the scientist first adds up the mass (amu) of each non-radioactive isotope. After the mass is calculated, the number or isotopes is the number that the mass is divided by.

Ex. To find the average atomic mass for Nickel:

57.9353462

59.9307884 60.9307013

60.9310579 à 5)304.6535065

61.9283461

+63.9279679 The Average Atomic Mass for Nickel is 60.931

304.6535065

AMU – Atomic Mass Unit

19)

The universe has 60,000 ppb by weight of Nickel and 1,000 ppb by atoms. ppb stands for Parts Per Billion. In the earth’s crust, by weight there is 90 ppm and 32 ppm by atoms. Parts Per Million is abbreviated ppm.

20)

Nickel is not normally necessary to make nickel in the laboratory as it is available readily commercially. Small amounts of pure nickel can be isolated in the laboratory through the purification of crude nickel with carbon monoxide. The intermediate in this process is the highly toxic nickel tetracarbonyl, Ni(CO)₄. The carbonyl decomposes on heating to about 250°C to form pure nickel powder.

Ni + 4CO (50°C) → Ni(CO)₄ (230°C) → Ni + 4CO

The Ni(CO)₄ is a volatile complex which is easily flushed from the reaction vessel as a gas leaving the impurities behind. Industrially, the Mond process uses the same chemistry. Nickel oxides are reacted with "water gas", a mixture of CO + H₂). Reduction of the oxide with the hydrogen results in impure nickel. This reacts with the CO component of the water gas to make Ni(CO)₄ as above. Thermal decomposition leaves pure nickel metal.

21)

There are many uses for Nickel. Plating, magnets and common household utensils are some uses. The U.S. Government uses Nickel for coins, but even though there is a coin called nickel, it only has about 25% Nickel. The most popular use for Nickel is in engineering for its corrosion resistant property. Stainless steel, glass making, bullet-proof safes, and rechargeable batteries are other uses for the element Nickel.

22)

Nickel does not react under normal circumstances with air, water, and bases. Nickel does slowly react with acids such as dilute sulphuric acid and the halogen fluorine gas F₂. The dichloride, NiCl₂, dibromide, NiBr₂, and diiodide, NiI₂, are formed in the reactions of nickel metal and chlorine, Cl₂, bromine, Br₂, or iodine, I₂.

23)

There are some environmental hazards for Nickel. Small amounts of Nickel are shown to be normal for growth and the reproduction in some species of animals. Acute and high toxicity in water may harm aquatic life. Water hardness calculates the amount of Nickel in water; the softer the water, the more toxic it is. There is insufficient data for determining the short and long term effects of Nickel on plants, birds, or land animals.

EXTRA:

1)

He ThINKS CoRn IS PoISONoUS.

Symbol	Atomic Number
He	2
Th	90
I	53
N	7
K	19
S	16
Co	27
Rn	86
I	53
S	16
Po	84
I	53
S	16
O	8
No	102
U	92
S	16

A Great Thing for North Perry

Nearing the finishing touches, the $4.35 million construction project is scheduled to be completed by October. Mayor Ed Klco, council president Richard C. Shreve, and their elected peers gave the project to Eastlake-based Huffman Equipment and construction Inc.

The new North Perry Park will consist of a 500 foot beach, a small boat dock, for about 12 to 14 boats, three boat ramps for loading and unloading into the water, a fishing pier. The park currently has 100 acres made for tennis courts, baseball fields, and a 50 foot beach.

Only North Perry residents will be able to use the park until 2012 or earlier, depending on how the mayor feels. "We need to use it for a couple of years before just everybody can come in, and next year will be the first year," Klco said. "It's totally funded by North Perry only and they truly deserve its initial best use. After 2012, or even earlier, my mind will be open to others."